Teenagers and Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1481 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Suicide Essay Did you like this example? What if you were so unhappy with your life that you believed it would be better if you disappeared? Everything you do feels like the wrong choice. You cant seem to please yourself or anyone around you. Life is unbearable and you feel like you arent good enough. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Teenagers and Suicide" essay for you Create order You want help, you want advice. You want someone to save you, but you cant seem to speak the words that just might save your life. Youre driven to a corner, and the only solution you see, the only way out, is suicide. In the present, it seems that the number of youths that are depressed, hurting themselves and thinking suicidal thoughts are increasing. Youth suicide has slowly been crawling its way up the cause of death list and is now the third leading cause of death in youth from ages ten to twenty-four year olds (Washington State Department of Health Teen Suicide). Youth suicide is a growing social problem that needs to be brought to attention before any more young lives can be taken. Suicidal behavior is thinking or acting towards your own death. Wanting to die, or attempting to take your life is suicidal behavior. Every year, approximately 4,600 young lives are taken because of suicide (Washington State Department of Health Teen Suicide). Even more youths attempt suicide and survive and survive than those who were actually lost. Every year about 157,000 youths between ages ten and twenty-four receive medical care for self-inflicted injuries (Washington State Department of Health Teen Suicide). The top three ways youth attempt to commit suicide is firearms, such as guns, suffocation and poisoning. Boys are more likely than girls to die from suicide, though girls are most likely to report attempting it. Of the number of suicidal deaths nationwide in youth 10-24, 81% were boys and the remaining 19% were girls (Washington State Department of Heal th Teen Suicide). There is even a difference in suicide amongst different races. In a nationwide survey of grades 9-12, in public and private schools, Hispanic youths were more likely to attempt suicide than their black and white peers (Washington State Department of Health Teen Suicide). There are many things that can cause a teen to want to commit suicide. The most common, is depression. Every day, depression leads teens one more step closer to suicide. Depression is actually classified as a mental illness, so its important to get it addressed. Warning signs of depression are: feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or isolation, declining school performance, loss of pleasure in social or athletic activities, sleeping too little or too much, changes in weight or appetite, nervousness, agitation, being irritable, or substance abuse (University of Rochester Teen Suicide). Other factors of teen suicide are: having a history of previous suicide attempts, family history of suicide, history of mental illnesses such as depression, alcohol or drug abuse, a stressful life event or loss, incarceration, or exposure to the suicidal behavior of others. Having any of these factors does not mean that suicide will occur (University Of Rochester Teen Suicide). Adolescence is also one of the hardest times a person could go through (The University of Texas Understanding Teen Suicide). Teens go through a lot of changes and their mentality is an emotional rollercoaster. Teens face changes of their bodies, feelings, and thoughts. They face new stages of fear and stress as they get closer to their future, being pushed to succeed, and have to figure out a new way to look at things. Sometimes teens go through the experience of things such as divorce, or a loss. School can become stressful and teens become overwhelmed. Sometimes, teens just feel like suicide is the right answer. Another main cause of suicide is bullying. What if you were bullied every day for the way you look, the way you dress, and even the music you listen to? Would what your peers say get to you? All you want is to be accepted, and your value of yourself decreases. You dont see the point in being around if you are constantly beaten down, mentally and physically. You start to believe that you really are useless and only a waste of space. You begin to blame yourself for not being cute enough, for not being skinny enough, for not being cool enough, for just not being good enough. You cant find anything good about yourself; you only see the bad stuff. So you begin to hate yourself. You become depressed, you hurt yourself, you become suicidal. Even when the bullies are gone, and you have people who care about you, they just cant reach you. Youre forever scarred by insecurity and hate, and the only way out is suicide. So you see what a bully can do? Suicide can be an uncomfortable topic for some people, so it wont be brought up and addr essed like it should. Teens could be ashamed of themselves, or are too scared to ask for advice. It is important that teens arent judged for the way they feel. This would only make them more insecure and drive them even closer to suicide. A teen that is reaching out for help needs to be saved. But how can you tell if a teen is suicidal or not if they are determined to hide it? There are several ways to identify if a teen is or is becoming suicidal. Warning signs to help determine if a teen is suicidal are: Changes in eating and sleeping habits, loss of interest in usual activities, withdrawal from friends and family, acting out, such as running away, alcohol and drug use, neglect of personal appearance, unnecessary risk taking, preoccupation with death and dying, increased physical complaints associated with emotional distress, such as stomach aches, headaches, and fatigue, loss of interest is school or work, feelings of boredom, difficulty concentrating, feelings of wanting to die, lack of response to praise, or indicates plans or efforts towards committing suicide (The University of Rochester Teen Suicide).There are several ways to figure out if a teen is planning on committing suicide. A teen could verbalize that t hey want to or are going to kill themselves. They could give verbal hints, saying things like: they wont be a problem much longer or if anything happens to them they want you to know (The University of Rochester Teen Suicide). Teens could give away favorite possessions or throw away belongings, become cheerful after a period of depression, express bizarre thoughts, or write one or more suicide notes (The University of Rochester Teen Suicide). There are ways to help a suicidal teen. It isnt an unfixable problem. All it takes is for one person to extend a hand to save a life. There are steps that parents and friends can take. Parents can keep firearms and medications away from their teen, get medical help for their teen to prevent any attempts of suicide, and be understanding. It helps a teen a lot to know that there is someone that they can trust and that they know will understand them. A suicidal teen needs someone to rely on; someone they know wont leave them. Parents need to be there for their child. Friends need take the teens suicide seriously and be there for them. It is also best for them to receive the help of an adult, so that they dont have to be alone in helping their friend. There are treatments to help a suicidal teen. Most teens, though, believe that things like therapy and medications dont really work. They think counselors only make things worse and only tell you things you already know, but why do teens feel this way? The answer can be hard to tell. Suicidal teens can feel like theyre all alone. They believe that no one understands them, and that anyone who claims they do, is only pretending; teens dont want to be pitied. They think You dont understand, and You dont really care. Its because they feel this way, that things like therapy and medications sound useless, or even insulting. Teens believe that adults dont get anything about them, so they block out whatever is said to them. This way, no one is saved, or helped. But really, all a suicidal teen needs is a person who will be there for them; someone who will never give up on them, no matter how difficult the journey is. Suicide does not get rid of the possibility of life getting worse; it takes away the chances of it ever getting better. There really are people out there that are willing to help, people who have been there and back, people who found their way again. There are others who understand the way you feel. There are 7 billion people in the whole world (United States Census Bureau Population Clock). You are not alone. You can be saved. It is worth it. Life is worth it.

Stem Cell Research Stem Cells - 1416 Words

STEM CELLS In this report, I mainly focused on Stem-Cells. You will read about Stem-Cells and its history from the moment this term was known. Also, you will know the Sources, properties, and the types of Stem-Cells. In addition, you will know some of the pros and cons researches about Stem-Cells. Stem-Cells are cells that have the ability to divide and multiply and renew itself. †¢ Sources of Stem-Cells: 1- The first source is Bone Marrow. 2- The second source is Adipose Tissue (lipid cells). 3- The third source is The Blood. †¢ Stem cells types: 1- The first type of Stem Cells is Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) . 2- The second type of Stem Cells is Adult stem cells. 3- The third type of Stem Cells is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 1997: Cloned lamb from stem cells. †¢ 1997: Leukemia origin found as hematopoietic stem cell, indicating possible proof of cancer stem cells. â€Å"In 1998, Thompson, from the University of Wisconsin, isolated cells from the inner cell mass of early embryos and developed the first embryonic stem cell lines. During that exact same year, Gearhart, from Johns Hopkins University, derived germ cells from cells in fetal gonad tissue; pluripotent stem cell lines were developed from both sources. Then, in 1999 and 2000, scientists discovered that manipulating adult mouse tissues could produce different cell types† . This meant that cells from bone marrow could produce nerve or liver cells and cells in the brain could also yield other cell types. These discoveries were exciting for the field of stem cell research, with the promise of greater scientific control over stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Sources of Stem-Cells There are three sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans: 1. The first source is Bone marrow. Bone marrow requires extraction by harvesting, that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest). 2. The second source is Adipose Tissue (lipid cells). Adipose Tissue which requires extraction by harvesting, that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest). 3. The third source is The Blood. Blood requires extraction through apheresis, wherein blood is drawn from the donor (similar to a bloodShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1338 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are found throughout the human body. They reproduce over a long period of time without changing. Stem cells can produce specialized cells, such as brain, muscle or lung cells. Stem cells in the last few years have recently made a big debut because medical professionals have discovered so many unique qualities to stem cells. They are on the cutting edge of medicine because of all their uses and the qualities that make them so unique from any other cell in theRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells941 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells have the extraordinary power to develop into several body cell types during early growth and development. (Stem Cell Basics). Stem cells are either embryonic: from a human fetus, or somatic: from an adult (Stem Cell Basics).These cells can be used to rebuild body tissue, treat diseases, and even cure others. They can be more effective in treatment of illness than the common treatment, such as therapy or medication. Stem cells a re potentially more medically effective than traditional treatmentsRead MoreStem Cells And Stem Cell Research1310 Words   |  6 Pagesnonspecialized cells which have the potential to create other types of specific cells in order to survive? Those cells are called Stem Cells and they are very crucial to develop organisms. Stem cell research is a subject that most people in the world have a different viewpoint on. Some view the issue of stem cell research and stem cell therapy as morally wrong and a crime against humanity, others view the study of stem cells as the next step in modern science (Reeve.) I think in some twisted way, stem cellRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1261 Words   |  6 Pagescure diseases. Now we have stem cell therapy. Stem cells promise future cures for many currently considered to be â€Å"incurable† diseases, but with more research, we can overcome the controversy surrounding this this topic and help people live longer, improve their quality of life, and save many many lives. To understand the big hype about stem cells, one must know what a stem cell is. Stem cells have specialized functions that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body. According toRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells999 Words   |  4 PagesSTEM CELLS WORKING TO SPECIALIZE INTO CARDIAC CELLS Once the stem cells are delivered near the damaged areas of the heart, the regeneration of cardiac (heart) cells is possible. There is a lack of understanding on how or why specifically the stem cells turn into heart cells. â€Å"Recent studies indicated that the benefits associated with adult stem cell injection might come from paracrine effects, the effect of a nearby cell sending chemical and electrical signals to the stem cell, and not from myocardialRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesDana Moua English IV 25 April 2016 Stem Cell Research What are stem cells? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in multicellular organisms. The reason for scientist’s interest in stem cells is because of the possible applications of using them. These stem cells can be used to regrow organs/tissues. By using stem cells, scientists may be able to find cures for different cancers, certain genetic diseases, and different physical trauma damages. They can be used to treat a varietyRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1999 Words   |  8 Pagesregenerative medicine, commonly known as stem cell research. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that have the capability to specialize into any tissue. They are most commonly found in cord blood, bone marrow, organ donations, placenta, and embryos . Stem cells are seen by some as a new miracle treatment, encouraging many countries to invest in their research. The transfer of information, often shared through scientific reports and research, puts this topic in a highly internationalRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1747 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 111-36 25 November 2014 Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has cultivated a new, miraculous study in the health field. The study has led to an increase in curing diseases over the past couple of decades. Before stem cell research, diseases were destroying and devastating lives continuously on end. With the use of stem cells in modern time, diseases are no longer taking control of lives. The innovation in biomedical technology, such as stem cell research, has greatly impacted the understandingRead MoreStem Cell Research Controversy : Stem Cells1886 Words   |  8 Pages Stem cell research controversy. What is the first thing that comes to your mind? A person like me will either agree with it or disagree with this topic. I personally agree with stem cell research. First I want to start by pointing out that there are three main stem cells used in research the adult stem cell, induced-pluripotent stem cells, and lastly the embryonic stem cells. It has been shown that using blood stem cells to treat diseases of the blood hav e been beneficial, and has also saved manyRead MoreStem Cells And Adult Stem Cell Research882 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell are cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells( Introduction [Stem Cell Information]., 2015). Stem cells, like any other cell divide, however, when stems cells divide they either remain a stem cell or become a specialized cell, for example, a neuron (Introduction [Stem Cell Information]., 2015). Stem cell research is nothing new; in fact the first bone marrow transplant to successfully treat two siblings with combined immunodeficiency

Financial Market and Institutes

Question: Discuss about the Financial Market and Institutes. Answer: Introduction Section 1 Part A : a): The general rule of the timing providing financial service guide to the client when the entity providing financial guide becomes apparent that the service is likely to be provided to the client. However, there are cases which becomes critical to time and are accordingly provided to the needs of clients. If the clients gives instruction that they want the service to be provided immediately or when they specify the time. It is not reasonable to provide service to the client without any instruction. As such the entity provides the client with the statement that contain information relevant to the financial service provided. The guide regarding the financial service must be given to the client within five days after the statement is provided, or sooner if it is practicable (Ammer et al .2012). b): The financial service guide can be provided by way of financial advice and by providing investment solutions. c): Financial service guide is a document which has been designed to assist the client in deciding whether to buy any financial product or not. It contain information about the entity providing financial service, the financial services offered, the product and services provided by the entity, remuneration received by the entity and how the other person are paid in connection with the services provided by the entity. It also contains information about the way of dealing with the complaint which the client may have about the product and services and it should also contain the contact details of communicating the complain. The privacy policy of the entity providing financial advice (Andersen and Kunkel 2013). Part B : Several questions are asked by the financial service guide while some of the open ended questions to be asked from the client may include the total value of assets and the income earned by the client and if there would be any change in income in the recent years. Details of the current financial situations have to be asked for. Part C: The personal information about the client is asked directly from the client itself or from the third parties or any other sources. In order to update the contact details of the client, the entity relies on the publicly available information. Other information is exchanged through the legal advisors or other representatives. Several other information would be collected without notifying the client. In order to gather information about the insurance, the entity needs to contact the insurer. James seeks advice on his current investment strategy and he is actively engaged in share market. He has provided the entity with the portfolio of shares which he has bought and invested. The income statement is also provided by the client, the assets, other relevant information has also been provided. Using these information, the advisor and they would be able to administer and manager the product and service. Advisor will seek accurate information and the clients need to keep the advisor updated about any changes to ensure that the recommendation is made relevant to the personal needs and situations (Ennew and Waite 2013). Part D : The budget needs to be worked out. The estimates of surplus income every month needs to be asked which would be put towards saving. The questions need to ask from client is the income left after deducting the amount of tax. Any other income has also to be accounted for. The expenses needs to be taken into consideration Annual salary = $ 160000 Taxable income = $ 174500 Tax on taxable income = $ 52512 Income after tax = $ 121988 Dividend= $ 8500 Interest = $ 1800 Expense = $ 15000 for holidaying per year Toatal monthly income as per ANZ calculator = $ 10158 Total monthly expenses = $ 1250 Therefore, surplus = $ 8908 So, the estimated income and expenses should be asked from the client. The amount of funds he has lined up in cash account. If he has any other liability which he has to pay off, should also be taken into consideration. Section 2 Part A : James Macready has been investing in the shares since he was young and has a portfolio of shares of different companies listen on the Australian stock exchange. The charges, taxes ,fees and any other liability related to the portfolio has to be asked from the client. The cash holding, process payment, quarterly or annual report of the tax payment and the related documents need to be asked for. If the client wants the control of existing assets to the financial advisory, they need to supply them with the annual tax report for getting the details of tax information. In this case, James is holding a portfolio of shares, so the advisory needs to have access of having the leading research of the industry. The documents relating to the regular reporting and reviews of the portfolio the online access regarding the details of the portfolio and the printable annual reports should be provided to the advisory as well. This would help in eliminate g the day to day involvement in the portfolio, this would enable the client James in keeping the control on the selection of the investment strategy. There can be some fee related administrative issues which m ight hinder the performance of the portfolio. The method of paying the fees by the client has to be accounted for, whether the fees is paid by any third parties or there is any account for paying asset based fees and whether the client follow any fee structure that is bundled which means it includes both the expenses and fees. Such types of administrative issues needs to be accounted for so that the advisory body is able to make the recommendation accordingly (Brigham and Ehrhart 2013.). Part B: James Macready is keen to accumulate wealth for the future and along with that it wants to keep aside some amount of money attributing to the miscellaneous expenses. He expects to get return from his investment at the rate of 9 % per annum. He has been investing in the shares and is well acquainted with the market scenario and does the full research of the company before investing. He has understanding that the markets keeps on fluctuating the return from the portfolio keeps varying and different sectors has different characteristics of taxation and growth. He needs the portfolio to vary moderately and should not be exposed to wide fluctuations. Any fall in the return is seen him as the calculative risks and it waits for the market movements to have in its favor of the stocks. Macready wants to accumulate wealth for long term as he has surplus funds to do so. Considering the above facts the client could be concluded as an assertive investors seeking growth as he is able to park most of his surplus in the investment and has an interest in accumulating wealth for long term. He is willing to accept higher volatility with moderate risks. He wants to maximize the return by properly diversifying the portfolio. This could be done by applying some aggressive investment strategy which needs some aggressive stocks to be included in the portfolio which would maximize the return in the favorable scenario. The client cannot be concluded as aggressive investors because he does not want to be exposed to the risks and he cannot be a conservative investor also because he is willing to take moderate risks and seeking for growth and make its investment decision while keeping a watch on the market movements. He has a option of investing in wide range of assets classes. Section 2: Part C : The portfolio of James comprised of the shares of the ten companies which is listed on the Australian stock exchange. He is thinking that the performance of the companies is not up to expectation and the return of the companies is also not certain. So he is wanting to diversify the portfolio so that the return from the portfolio is maximized. One of the ways of diversifying the portfolio is including the risk free assets in the portfolio which is the government bonds, treasury bills which will give a fixed return. the client should in Australian government bonds which provides a stable and regular income as the interest and principal amount is paid by the Australian government and can be liquidated easily on the stock exchange. The client has a inclination towards investing in the international companies. He should be wise in choosing the recognized and reputed company so that the transactions are carried out at ease. The investment should be made in those country which currency value is more than the Australian dollar, so that the return can be maximized. Other thing is that the tax savings should also be taken into consideration. The advisory should recommend the client to invest in such shares of the company listed on the Australian stock exchange which pays franked dividend which means such company has franking credits attached to them, as such the company has already made the tax payment. This would protect the investors from paying additional tax thus saving the amount of tax paid. Companies having franking credits should be included and they should form a major part of the portfolio (Martellini et al, 2014). The high profile companies should form portfolio. Investing in the international equities wou ld be of benefit to the investors because it carries a high rate of interest and also the government of Australia wants the inflow of foreign currency into their, so it would be beneficial to invest in the international market carrying higher interest rate. Australian managed fund have been developed to the investors which are indifferent to the market which would help them in encompassing the international markets. It would provide the investors an opportunity to invest in a highly diversified market. The investor needs to look for the best performing mutual funds in Australia. And which has a potential for high growth . this would provide guarantee of capital as well as with additional security to the investors. There is a option of investing in the exchange traded or open ended and close ended funds which would provide the current income and capital appreciation for long term. Global depository receipt is another tool which could be used as an investment strategy by the investors as it allows them to sell and buy the shares of a foreign company or make the transactions without opening any brokerage accounts. These companies would help in diversify their portfolio. Moreover , when the stocks of home country are under performing , GDR helps in investing in the shares of other countries. Investments is not exposed to any risk and the valuation or the return from the investments is only due to the normal market risks. This would help in creating space in diversifying the investment portfolio. Part D : Mr. James Macready can consider for investing for investing in the aggressive shares of Australian company for short term. He can sell of the shares at the end of a particular year. Short term cash investment can be done . investor can opt for government treasury bills with the short term maturity . so that investment can be cashed easily. High quality treasury bills and money market funds are some of the appropriate investment strategy. Another short term investment is the certificates of deposits as it requires investors to commit the funds a period of time. Demand deposits and commercial paper are another investment strategies. Medium term investment strategies according to the needs of the investor could be long term instruments having maturity for more than a year or two. Medium term government can be purchased by the investors which comes along with coupon also. This would provide stable return and is free from any default. Corporate bonds could also be invested in. investing in shares of the company for medium term is also an option. Medium term investors look for investments with the moderate risk and which has a expected return of 6-7 % approximately. Such a type of balanced investment option is given by managed funds in which the money is pooled with other willing investors to buy and sell the shares of the company on the investors behalf. This would help in providing the better return and any negative return for a short period would grow back over the period of time which would offset the negative return. this investment strategy is considered appropriate for medium term investment for the investors . Part E : The portfolio of James Macready include the shares of mainly the banking sectors and the multinational mining corporations and one or few trusts. The mining sectors company forms a major part of the portfolio. Now, the portfolio needs to be diversified and ythis would be done by looking on the performance of the respective stocks. The stocks which are under performing should be sold and those whose performance is good. Here, the BHP billion limited was under performing but in the recent year , there has been an uptrend, expecting the share price to rise in the future. Boral limited has been performing well and is expected to be in uptrend in the future also. The CSL limited company is bullish and the prices are ever rising, for the lend lease Corp, though the price was in uptrend, in the recent year, the price fell indicating that the company is bearish. The Rio tinted ltd is also on a downfall and long term return is bearish. The share price of national Australia bank is also on a downfall. The Telstra Corp was on a rising trend but there was a fall in the recent year but the price is estimated to be stable. The share price of general property trust is ever rising and it is also expected to go up in the future. There has been a wide fluctuation and instability of share price of common wealth bank and the price is expected to fluctuate in the future also. We can see that the few of the stocks are n ot performing up to the expectation of the investors and needs to be sold for maximizing the long term return (Helpman 2014). Telstra Corp and lend lease Corp have been under performer for quite a long time and they should be sold off. Some of the stocks needs to be included in the portfolio having a good return over a considerable period of time. West Pac Banking Corp has a good long term return. if we assume that the portfolio comprised of 10 stocks each 50 shares . then 50 shares of Westpac needs to be included in the portfolio at the price of $ 30.37. another stock to be included in the portfolio is DEXUS property group which is bullish on its return and would provide beneficial in long generating long term return. so 50 shares of DEXUS group would be included at the current purchase price of $ 8.75. Part F : The recommendation has been made to diversify the portfolio and one stock of DEXUs property group has been included. This is because the stock is bullish in its return and is expected to perform well in the future which would maximize the portfolio return and has a dividend yield of 5.08 %. . the reason for recommending this particular stock is also that the sector is performing well which makes it reasonable to include. The stock which has been recommended to exclude from the portfolio is BHP billion limited, national Australian bank, Rio Tinto , Iiuka resources limited and the reason is that the stock is bearish on its return. the price of the share is expected to fall in the future. The share price declined by over 17 % in the past days bringing the price to a drastically low level. So this bearish behavior of the stock is the reason behind its exclusion from the portfolio. The stock is unexpectedly down and this would provide a negative return and hence should be excluded. The above three stocks has to be excluded from the portfolio and this is because the growth rate of all the above three stocks is negative and if it would be included then this would lead to a fall in the return of the investment. Bhp billion gives a negative return of 18.04 %, national Australian bank gives a negative return of 3.16%, Rio Tinto limited gives a negative return of 13.22 %, and iiuka limited yield a negative retu rn of 17.33 %. The stocks have been excluded and the same amount contributing to the above stocks have been allocated to the rest of the stocks so as to generate a positive return in future, the amount of the above stocks have been attributed to the rest of the stocks, and allocated according to the stocks which has performed the best in the recent current year. Part G : Summary of Current Situation and Objective : The client is single and is willing to accumulate wealth for long term and has a portfolio of shares of different stocks. He wants to make some investment in assets and wants to change its investment strategy suitable to the market scenario. He has a objective of diversifying the portfolio so as to maximize the returns. Summary of our strategy and recommendations : For Short Term treasury bills, certificate of deposits, commercial paper, short term cash investment and money market funds ahs to be opted for making the short term investment. For Medium Term- managed fund is a good option along with the corporate and government bonds with longer maturity. Summary of Expected Outcome If Advice is Implemented The recommendation is to buy the stock of two companies which are bullish and exclude the companies which are bearish . this would help in maximizing the return of the portfolio. Also if the client invests in government bonds, this would provide a stable and regular income. Risk in Advice : There might be some uncertainties related to the market performance which gets influenced by the macroeconomic variable and this could pose risk. Fees and Commission : The fees and commission would be payable in Australian dollars. The initial commission is a one off payment and is calculated as a percentage of the amount invested. For investment amount we charge 0 % to 5.6 % of the investment amount. Reasons For Seeking Advice : The client is not able to devote required time in handling the portfolio of shares which he possess and also the clients wants to accumulate the wealth for long term and is s seeking advice for appropriate investment strategies suitable to his situation. Objective of client as understood by the advisory: The financial service guide understands the profile of the client who has interest in investing the assets of classes and wants to generate wealth for long term. He has a tendency of moving with the market scenario and is risk and tax reasonable. Client 1 Client 2 First name(s) James Surname mavcready Date of birth 4 March , 1980 Current age 36 Marital status Single Health status Good Smoker status No Employment status Family owned business Employer name Macready parking Occupation Operations manager Annual salary $ 160000 Children and dependants details : Dependant- Mable and Jock Macready ( parent ) Existing Insurance : Personal insurance $ 1100 Car insurance 0 Home contents Insurance $ 500000 Health insurance $ 200000 Existing Estate Planning : James does not have any power of attorney and he has his parents as joint holders of his will and has nominated them and also informed that he does not seek any assistance regarding estate. Financial Information : Client 1 Client 2 Total Assessable income $ 175600 Income after tax $ 121988 Yearly expenses $ 73300 Estimated surplus $ 48688 Discussion Points : The clients wants to estimate the saving which he makes yearly. For this the income after tax has to be determined . the estimated expenditure also needs to be assessed. And then the surplus is estimated. Assets and Liabilities : Value Liability Net value Home $ 600000 0 $ 600000 Home contents 0 0 Motor vehicles $ 40000 0 $ 40000 PERSONAL ASSETS Employer superannuation $ 200000 0 Savings account $ 85000 0 INVESTMENT ASSETS Shares $ 245000 0 Net worth $ 1170000 Risk Profile : The client seeks to have investment strategy to accumulate the wealth and have long term return. the client is an assertive investor who has surplus income to invest in the growth funds. The client is aware of the market conditions and is willing to take moderate risks. He is willing to diversify the portfolio and is seeking asset allocation to maximize the return. he is advised to have risk free assets in its portfolio and also to invest via global depository receipts. The stocks which are to be included which is aggressive and is able to give more return in the market scenario. Strategy Recommendations : Recommendation 1 : The portfolio of the client should include a risk free assets which provides a stable and regular income as the client is seeking some fixed income. It would include government bonds, treasury bills which does not make any default in its payments. Recommendation 2: The client is seeking to make some investments in international equities. It is advised to invest in the shares of high profile company and in such country whose value of currency is more than that of home currency. Recommendation 3 The client is recommended to invest in the shares of the foreign companies through global depository receipt as it would allow to invest in the shares of foreign companies when the home county company is under performing. Recommendation 4 The portfolio of assets should include those companies listen on ASX which has been attached with franking credits as it would save the investors from double tax. Recommendation 5 The existing portfolio should exclude the stock which have been under performer for quite long time and include such stocks which are bullish in its performance and would yield maximum return. Things to Consider : Insurance : James has an insurance agent who look after the insurance matters and so he has not asked any assistance regarding the insurance matters. Estate Planning : The client also does not require any special assistance regarding the will as he feels that it is in place and he has already nominated the will to his parents. Taxation Issues : The client seeks for reasonable tax payment. Since the client is seeking some reasonable saving on tax , it is recommended to the client that he should invest in the shares of such companies which is listed on the Australian stock exchange which enjoys franking credit and this would allow his to avoid double taxation and thus would enjoy the amount of tax saved. Asset Allocation After Implementation of Recommendations : Asset allocation Weight Risk profile weight Variance (weight) Defensive assets Australian cash 0.1 0 0 Australian fixed interest 0.1 0 0 International fixed interest 0.1 0 0 Total for defensive assets 0.3 0 0 Growth assets Australian equities 0.3 0.4 0.4 Australian property 0.2 0.2 0.2 International equities 0.2 0.4 0.4 International property 0 0 0 Total for growth assets 0.7 10 10 Grand total 10 10 10 The projected superannuation amount is $ 2000000 calculated by using superannuation calculator. And this projected amount would be distributed among defensive assets and growth assets. If we evenly allocate the amount among defensive assets , then we would be assigning equal weight of 0.1 to each that is 10 % and the total would comprise of 30 % of the amount allocated. The rest would be allocated among growth assets. The risk profile for each of the defensive assets would be zero and this is because of the reason that defensive assets provide fixed interest rate which does not fluctuate. Section 3: Part A a): The investment product offered by the financial service guide suitable to the needs of the client is the Ventura managed funds which would provide a wide range of portfolio for managing investment portfolio. The supplement information which would be needed to explain the product which is being recommended is that the products offered is not directly provided by the advisory bodies and they are also linked to several banks , fund managers which can affect the service . so while recommending the product, the points should be made clear to the client. b): every type of investment has some risk associated with it. the risk associated with the solution is that some of the money might be lost as the share price will fluctuate because of many factors and the level of return may vary and the future and past return may differ. c): the probable question that James might ask to the advisory is that is it possible to liquid the invested money when required. The answer would be that it the fund invested would be liquidated but it may not be rebalanced in a timely manner and at fair price. It is quite possible that the liquidation is made on some unfavourable terms which might lead to loss of money. d): Mr. James is interested in investing in the assets class and he would probably ask question regarding the range of assets class which is included in the managed invest schemes. So the answer to Mr. James question is that the managed investment schemes can be invested in a wide range of assets classes that is equity, bond, cash or any property. Depending upon the investment option, the return will also differ. Part B : The two managed funds which the clients has been asked to invest into is the Australian share fund that is the Australian equities. The investment manager has core capabilities across the capital market and uses research in constructing and implementing the portfolio. The exposure to risks for such securities could be mitigated by using derivatives instruments and applying various investment strategies to manage the risks. The other is to invest the funds in multi asset portfolio which would include Australian shares, property , global shares, Australian fixed interest rate. The manager make timely research and insight to analyse the key factors which affect the outcome of the investors and accordingly adjust and create strategies to adjust them. This type of managed fund would provide growth over the long term by solely on the growth assets. And at the same time the fluctuations in the capital market is also adjusted for a medium term. Here , the risk profile of both the managed funds are at same level but the client is seeking growth and willing to invest for long term. So it would be wise on the part of the client to invest in the multi assets portfolio and this is because the risk of one the content of the portfolio would offset the other one and thus providing a better return over the long term. Part C : James is an assertive investor and he has surplus income and is inclined toward investing in the capital growth funds. He is not satisfied with his current portfolio and is thinking that the shares have not performed up to his expectation. So he wants his portfolio to be balanced and using the aggressive investment strategy to manage the risk and has favourable return. He is willing to accept high volatility but wants to accumulate the wealth for long term and is not interest in the short term. So James portfolio should consists of multi assets and this should include defensive as well as growth assets , whereas the proportion of growth assets in the portfolio would be more than that of defensive assets. He has a inclination towards revising the portfolio and investing in the assets class which would comprise of cash, property, equities. So he has been provided with the option of either have a multi assets portfolio or he should invest in wide range of assets class (Guide 2013). The solution to the client regarding having multi asset portfolio , such assets are managed by the fund manager after looking into the needs of investors . the market segment has to be viewed precisely. The asset class including the international shares is expected to have high return with volatility. The strategy is suitable to Mr. James because he is also seeking investment in the overseas shares which have a investment horizon of long term and is willing to accepts the market risks if emerges. This investment strategy might have a possibility of negative return for short to medium term but it would be appropriate to the client because he is seeking long term growth and wants to accumulate wealth for in the long term. He wants his investment strategy to be aggressive. He can also reduce the currency risks by investing in global shares. So the best choice for James would be invest in a well diversified portfolio comprising of assets classes of the aggressive investment options which would provide benefit of return in long term. SOA Appendix 1 Cash flow statement Client 1 Client 2 Notes Income from employment Salary 160000 Salary sacrifice 0 Salary after salary sacrifice 160000 Other income Rental income 0 0 Unfranked dividends 0 Franked dividends 39800 4 % Franking (imputation) credits 4200 9800 * 30 %/70% Interest 1600 2% Other income, e.g. taxable benefits 0 Capital gains 1year Capital gains 1year Tax-free component of capital gains Assessable income 175600 Deductible expenses Rental expenses, repairs etc. Taxable income 174500 Tax on taxable income 52512 Non-refundable tax offsets (e.g. LITO/SATO) 0 Medicare levy 3490 Medicare levy surcharge 0 Franking rebate 4200 Refundable rebates and offsets 0 Total tax 55108 Income after tax 121988 SOA Appendix 2: Account Balance Projections: Time period Current situation Proposed Investment Portfolio value (assume all income is reinvested) Portfolio value (assume all income is reinvested) Start 690082.20 690082.20 Year 1 651989.80 798906.80 Year 2 627748.31 928939.20 Year 3 617354.15 1084800.96 Year 4 621237.02 1272181.33 Year 5 640304.07 1498091.83 Year 6 676005.93 1771182.70 Year 7 730419.68 2102136.26 Year 8 806367.45 2504156.25 Year 9 907562.74 2993576.59 Year 10 1038800.26 3590619.02 Table 2 Assumptions Value Current situation Proposed strategy Return period (monthly or annual) annual Real rate of return: Capital growth 1.99 11.4 Real rate of return: Income 4% 4.04 % Other Section 4 : Part A : The proposal to Mr. James to make an investment in the portfolio containing the wide range of assets is that he is not sure about the return on the securities of the foreign companies and how he would be able to manage the funding and the administration issue by residing here in Australia. The financial service guide has link with various institution which provides the financial services according to the needs of the client and they focuses on delivering the consistent and risk adjusted return to the client. These bodies are registered and are liable to provide financial security and they provide the best thinking from the world to help the investors of all sizes. The concern of James would be resolved by making him assure that the investment decisions and all the activities are regulated as per the guidelines and it would not prove to be hassle (Park et al, 2015). Part B : The fee charged by the Frontier Pty ltd would cover preparation of plan and formulation of strategies, and implementing the planned strategies, and researching of available funds. Other items covered under the fee include general enquiries of the client, updating and reviewing the portfolio and administering investments. Initial fee is paid by the client after the implementation of the full financial plan. The disclosure of fee and its calculate on is as follows : Service Fee Financial plan 1.1 % of the clients initial portfolio For initial and $ 1100 per year ongoing advice statement of advice $ 3300 Consulting fee $ 200 per hour Review fee for first $ 500000 it would be 1.1 % and above that it would be 0.66 % Annual fee for 19000 per annum Private clients Part C : The documents need to be completed by the client and he has to complete the application form which contains various information regarding the financial product being advised , and also the required information about the client. This would help in assessing the personal situation, objective and goals of the clients. The personal information of the client is collected through the questionnaire which is completed with the financial planner. The identity and the source of fund has to be verified and this would require the client to present identification documents such as passport and driving licence. The client needs to disclose all the personal information in order to avail the service. Section 5 : Part A : The service provided by the financial guide can be outlined in the following points : The financial service provided to the client would involve making the financial plans Implementing the strategies and formulating analysing the risks and recommending the product Reviewing the portfolio and updating In order for the financial guide to ensure that the service is delivered to the client, the service should be provided at the proper time to ensure that there is no delay in assisting the clients. Part B : The ongoing service is essential for the client with direct share portfolio because the service involves reviewing and updating the portfolio. The client is willing to diversify the portfolio so that it is able to generate good return. The risk associated with the prior stocks in the portfolio needs to be analysed and accordingly the stocks ahs to be excluded and the portfolio should be well diversified by including various assets classes. The analysis has to be done to identify the risks associated with the stocks of portfolio. So the ongoing service has to be told to the client. Reference : Ammer, J., Holland, S.B., Smith, D.C. and Warnock, F.E., 2012. US international equity investment.Journal of Accounting Research,50(5), pp.1109-1139. Andersen, A.B. and Kunkel, C., 2013. The Asset Managers Guide to Sustainable Regulatory Advantage. InGlobal Asset Management(pp. 308-341). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Ennew,C.and Waite, N., 2013.Financial Services Marketing: An International guide to Principles and Practice. Routledge. Fernndez, P., 2013. Company valuation methods.Available at SSRN 274973. Frankel, S. Herbert. Gold And International Equity Investment. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1969. Print. Goetzmann, William N, Massimo Massa, and Andrei Simonov. Portfolio Diversification And City Agglomeration. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. Print. Goetzmann, William N, Massimo Massa, and Andrei Simonov. Portfolio Diversification And City Agglomeration. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. Print. Guide, P., 2013. Introduction to the Financial Framework.Financial Management. Helpman, E., 2014. Foreign Trade and Investment: Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level Perspectives.Economica,81(321), pp.1-14. Loos, Nicolaus. Value Creation In Leveraged Buyouts. Wiesbaden: Deutscher UniversitaÃÅ'ˆts-Verlag, 2006. Print. Martellini, L., Milhau, V. and Tarelli, A., 2014. Estimation Risk versus Optimality Risk: AN EX-ANTE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE EQUITY PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES.Bankers, Markets Investors, (132), pp.26-42. Nilsson, Birger. International Asset Pricing, Diversification And Links Between National Stock Markets. Lund, Sweden: Distributed by the Dept. of Economics, Lund University, 2002. Print. Nilsson, Birger. International Asset Pricing, Diversification And Links Between National Stock Markets. Lund, Sweden: Distributed by the Dept. of Economics, Lund University, 2002. Print. Park, J.W., Kim, Y.H. and Kaizoji, T., 2015. Effects of the market factor on portfolio diversification: the case of market crashes.Investment Analysts Journal,44(1), pp.71-83. Report And Recommendation Of The President To The Board Of Directors On A Proposed Equity Investment In And Loan To Grameenphone Limited In The People's Republic Of Bangladesh For The Grameenphone Telecommunications Project. [Manila]: Asian Development Bank, 2013. Print.

Things to Consider When Planning for Courses

During college, you have to be mature enough to be able to take certain decisions. There will come some points and situations when nobody would be there to guide or advice you so you have to be  prepared to take crucial decisions by analyzing things by yourself.One of the most important decisions you have to take in college is regarding course enrollment that has to be done at the start of each semester. Each semester, you  study a combination of core and elective courses at college. Most colleges offer flexibility to students in course selection so that they can explore several areas of study while others force enroll them in the course that the college believe they must study. In my time, we had the opportunity to choose our courses according to our own will and interest so I used to plan them carefully even if I had to write my essay or assignment that was due urgently. This is because courses are something you need to prioritize like how many courses to take, which ones and from which instructor. Following are some things to consider when you are planning for next semester’s courses: Total credit hours you need to complete: Each course consist of a specific number of credit hours usually ranging from two to four. However, one and zero credit hour courses are also available. You have to analyze how many credit hours you need to complete in the current year to be able to graduate on time. Some students adopt a strategy in which they take extra workload in the first four or five semesters and focus more on corporate internships and thesis in final semesters.To adopt this strategy, you need to take extra credit hours in some semesters but if you do so, make sure some courses are easy to study so that you do not get overburdened resulting in a poor grade point average. Completing the core and major elective requirements: College courses are usually divided into university cores, major cores, major electives and free electives so you need to thoroughly study the handbook in order to know the graduating requirements. In some cases, students just keep on enrolling in courses they like ignoring the graduation requirements which they eventually realize in the last semester. That becomes too late because if you fail to get a place in that course for the semester, your graduation can get delayed.So try completing the major requirements before you move on to study other courses that you are interested in. Difficulty level and workload of all the courses planned: There are some courses in which workload is high and you need to spend a lot of time on their assignments, projects and presentations. Make sure you do not end up enrolling in a lot of such courses because the workload gets unmanageable and your performance in all courses will decline. So instead of getting a poor grade point average in the semester by taking such a course combination, keep some courses for future semesters by replacing them with easier ones available.You can always talk to your seniors or batch mates to have an idea about the workload of each course but never listen to the one who has not experienced it by himself.

Nafta Essay Research Paper IntroductionSummaryIn January 1994 free essay sample

Nafta Essay, Research Paper Introduction Drumhead In January 1994, the United States, Mexico, and Canada implemented the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) . The end of NAFTA is to make better trading conditions through duty decrease, remotion of investing barriers, and betterment of rational belongings protection. NAFTA continues to bit by bit cut down duties on set day of the months and aims to extinguish all duties by the twelvemonth 2004. Before NAFTA was established, puting in Mexico was a hard procedure. Investors needed the Mexican Government # 8217 ; s blessing and were besides required to run into specific investing guidelines. These demands necessitated investors to export a fit degree of goods and services, utilize domestic goods and services, and reassign engineering to rivals. Under NAFTA, investors no longer necessitate authorities blessing to put and are treated as domestic investors. NAFTA has besides increased rational belongings rights and allowed companies to obtain patents in Mexico and Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on Nafta Essay Research Paper IntroductionSummaryIn January 1994 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the past, companies were hesitating to export research and development intensive goods ; with increased rational belongings protection, nevertheless, exports of these goods has shown a definite addition. As a consequence of better trading conditions, exports and imports of most other goods have increased along with the research and development intensive goods. In Mexico, the riddance of investing barriers has allowed investing to spread out. Increased trading and investing has so created many occupations, raised the Gross Domestic Product, and lowered consumer monetary values. The macroeconomic rules defined in Economics 103 relate to NAFTA # 8217 ; s impact on aggregative supply and demand, employment, investing, and their effects on national income. The free trade established by MERCOSUR besides involves states within South America. MERCOSUR, the Southern Common Market ( Mercado Common del Sur ) was established in 1991 after a series of other free trade pacts failed to run into the criterions of the states involved. It is set up on the footing of free trade zones and finally to take to a common market. Before MERCOSUR there was ALALC, the Latin American Free Trade Association. It was formed in 1960 and set up free trade zones through the periodic dialogues between the members of the association. ALALC ended in the 1970 # 8217 ; s due to these dialogues because they were left to the discretion of the states involved and unjust patterns started to happen. After ALAC, came ALADI, the Latin American Integration Association. Founded in 1980, it established economic penchant zones alternatively of free trade. This bucked up economic growing and increased actions and understandings between states that antecedently had no connexions. I n 1986 Argentina and Brazil signed a Treaty for Integration, Cooperation, and Development which was originally set up to take duty barriers and bind together the macroeconomic policies of the two states. This Treaty is what led to MERCOSUR. MERCOSUR is a procedure of integrating to organize a common market on the foundations of unfastened regionalism. In March of 1991 Paraguay and Uruguay joined MERCOSUR and most late Chile became a portion of the market in 1996. The ends set by the understanding are to make free theodolite of production goods and lifting of non-tariff limitations on theodolite goods. It was set up to follow a common trade policy with states that are non a portion of the market and to put up a fixed common external duty for all to follow. There are rather a few other ends that was set by MERCOSUR including a clause that states that the states involved will be able to set their Torahs for the intent of beef uping the understanding. The chief point of MERCOSUR is to p ut up free trade among South American states and to promote new states to fall in ( americasnet.com ) . Another related trade understanding conveying the benefits of international trade is the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs ( GATT ) . A trade understanding that conveys the positive results of international trade is the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs ( GATT ) . It was created in 1947 and like NAFTA promotes international trade through the decrease of duties. Today, GATT encompasses over one 100 states and 90 % of the universe # 8217 ; s trade goods ( Sabir 1 ) . There have been eight different versions of GATT, each ensuing in a new trade understanding. The most recent is referred to as the Uruguay Round and is one of the largest and most comprehensive trade treaties in history ( Deng 1 ) . The Uruguay Round Agreement cuts duties by one-third, increases coverage for fabrics, vesture and agribusiness and creates a new World Trade Organization ( Congressional Digest 258 ) . The WTO settles difference colonies, regulates the policies agreed upon and reexamine states # 821 7 ; trade patterns and policies. In add-on, the Uruguay unit of ammunition proposes decreases in nontariff protective barriers to merchandise ( Gottheil 350 ) . The Uruguay Round and WTO make up an of import portion of GATT. GATT as a whole is based on rules that guarantee all take parting states receive benefits. These rules include nondiscrimination, protection of domestic industries and proviso of stable footing for trade ( Congressional Digest 258 ) . With such a solid foundation, the policies of GATT have taken force. Much like NAFTA, GATT proposes to increase trade through the decrease of duties. However, GATT is more inclusive of the international economic system. As NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and GATT set up free trade throughout the Americas and other parts of the universe, the European Free Trade Agreement ( EFTA ) represents states throughout Western Europe. It was ab initio formed in 1960 by Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. The overall aim of the EFTA and of these establishing provinces was to take trade barriers throughout Western Europe, such as import duties and quotas, and to continue unfastened patterns in universe trade ( EFTA Page ) . The model of the EFTA has changed significantly since its initial initiation as many member provinces have come and gone along the manner. In 1972, the bing EFTA states signed free trade understandings with the European Union, therefore extinguishing import duties on industrial merchandises. Since so the EFTA has worked to beef up its relationship with the European Community. The current components of the of all time altering EFTA include Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and S witzerland ( EFTA Page ) . The free trade understandings established by the EFTA screen intra-EFTA trade, trade with the European Union, and free trade outside of the EFTA or EU. The EFTA is presently in the thick of securing free trade understandings with states in Central and Eastern Europe and even with other states around the universe ( EFTA Page ) . These free trade understandings serve to advance incorporate motion within the EFTA # 8217 ; s economic relationships and to beef up Europe # 8217 ; s international trade confederations. Harmonizing to EFTA web page, free trade established by the EFTA is an, # 8220 ; indispensable procedure in the uninterrupted edifice of economic, societal, and political ties between the states of Europe and therefore heightening our common aim of closer European integrating # 8221 ; ( EFTA Page ) . Agreements with the EFTA cut down duties between states, enhance and let for more stable foreign investing, and back up the remotion of trade barriers. In set uping all of the se rights, the EFTA hopes to make an environment that is supportive of entrepreneurship, competition, and economic activity within its assorted market constructions ( EFTA Page ) . Analysis Free Trade understandings are prevailing throughout the universe, each stand foring trade within a peculiar part. The success of free trade is alone to each single trade organisation. NAFTA, MERCOSUR, GATT, and the EFTA, overall, have created founded many positive facets in international trade. The free trade that NAFTA has established among the United States, Mexico, and Canada has greatly benefited the U.S. economic system. During the old ages from 1994 to 1997, U.S. trade with Mexico and Canada rose 44 per centum. This extended growing is accredited chiefly to the decrease of duties. As duties were lowered, U.S. goods became cheaper and more competitory in Mexican and Canadian markets, and at this lower monetary value degree the measure demanded of U.S. goods increased. On the affiliated graph, as the monetary value degree beads from A to B, the measure demanded additions from C to D ; it becomes less expensive for U.S. houses to provide goods to Canada and Mexico as the supply cu rve displacements from Equally to AS # 8217 ; . In order to run into the new demand, the houses must engage new workers and increase investing. Between 1994 and 1997, 90 to 160 1000 occupations were created in the U.S. due to the addition of trade with Mexico, and 2.4 million occupations were dependent upon trade with Mexico and Canada. The addition in employment and investing so leads to increased national income. The work of NAFTA has besides served to profit Mexico # 8217 ; s economic system ; in conformity with the United States # 8217 ; economic system, Mexico # 8217 ; s exports have increased, more than duplicating since 1993. The riddance of investing barriers has caused a dramatic rise in foreign investing from four billion in 1993 to ten billion dollars in 1998. NAFTA has enabled Volkswagen, IBM, and the fabric industry to seek labour and stuffs in Mexico. In 1994, a Canada-based enterpriser invested four million dollars in a metal-stamping works. The works is now a major stuff suppler for Volkswagen although it was originally intended to use merely 130 people. The works presently employs 1,300 workers and generates 57 million dollars in gross revenues each twelvemonth. NAFTA has besides allowed IBM to make workss in Guadalajara that would otherwise hold been built in Asia. As a consequence, the exports of IBM de Mexico have increased from 350 million to 2 billion dollars in five ol d ages and the increased exports have created over 270 occupations. Mexico # 8217 ; s fabric industry, excessively, has grown as a consequence of NAFTA, in 1996 catching China to go the largest provider of fabrics to the United States. U.S. mills invest 100s of 1000000s of dollars to construct workss in Mexico as an consequence of the decreased duties and transportation clip. It takes merely 18 hours to transport goods to the Mexican boundary line, while it takes 21 hours to China. Increased investing and exports have created occupations and increased GDP. In 1998, Mexico # 8217 ; s economic system grew 4.5 per centum and economic experts predict that it will turn an extra 2.5 per centum in # 8216 ; 99. Free trade under NAFTA has besides encouraged international specialisation, the production of merely the goods that a peculiar economic system can bring forth most expeditiously. If the U.S. for illustration, is expeditiously fabricating autos and Mexico, bring forthing maize, so the U.S. should bring forth lone autos and Mexico, merely maize. They are more efficient if they each produce at their highest end product, and trade for other goods. International specialisation additions efficiency, take downing consumer monetary values ; consumers no longer hold to pay for inefficiently produced goods. The benefits of NAFTA are hence, increased employment, raised national income, and lower consumer monetary values. MERCOSUR, once more like NAFTA, has had an overall positive influence on free trade throughout the Americas. The economic end of MERCOSUR is to be able to organize the macroeconomic and sectional policies of the states involved in relation to foreign trade and several other common markets. It besides ensures free trade competition among the states with in the understanding. It was formed to better the economic systems by doing them more competitory and efficient ( Embassy of Uruguay ) . The clip line end of MERCOSUR was to get down with Argentina and Brazil in 1995 to cut down duties some and in 1996 to cut down duties by 25 per centum and increase each twelvemonth by another 25 per centum until in 1999 duties were 100 per centum gone. Because Paraguay and Uruguay joined the Treaty subsequently the day of the months for T he riddance of their duties are pushed back a whole twelvemonth so that by the twelvemonth 2000 they will hold 100 per centum eliminated duties. The ruin of this riddance of duties is that some concerns will hold to cut back and restructure so some people will free their occupations, but in the long run the economic system will turn stronger from it. However, the societal security system for the states will be transformed such that a worker can work in any of the member states and accumulate old ages until retirement and still have a pension ( americasnet.com ) . Each of the states is utilizing MERCOSUR in a different manner to increase their productiveness. In Brazil through denationalization they use MERCOSUR to pull outside investors for industries and services to better roads and railroads and other big industries like power. Argentina is besides utilizing denationalization to increase chances with their airdromes. Paraguay and Uruguay are taking more advantage of the integrating procedure. In Paraguay they are utilizing it to increase and better waterways and in Uruguay the are utilizing it to construct a span and distribute gas and electricity ( americasnet.com ) . All of the states have increased their GDP since the initiation of MERCOSUR and have become more economically independent. Argentina has gone from a recession in 1988 through an unbelievable recovery through to 1996. They have increased their exports by 13,000 signifier 1993 to 1997 and exports have increased by 15,000 in the same period of clip ( Argentina Brief ) . Other MERCOSUR states have experienced the same consequences and are continually turning. The one exclusion to the benefits of MERCSUR would be the economic system of Paraguay. Before they joined the market, they were the best performing state in the part, but now they have fallen behind all the other members in MERCOSUR as a consequence of the political instability and little domestic market ( Sabkar, Maysoon ) . The effectivity of GATT is that it applies to a bulk of the economic system. In the market of major industrial goods, duties have been eliminated and reduced in the developing markets of: building equipment, agricultural equipment, medical equipment, steel, beer, distilled liquors, pharmaceuticals, paper, playthings and furniture ( Congressional Digest ) . These are some of the most of import industries in the United States and are some of the most competitory in the universe. As stated by the US study on GATT, a cardinal proviso was that it # 8220 ; significantly lowered entree to markets that represent about 85 % of universe trade in footings of decreased duties on specific points of cardinal involvement to US exporters # 8221 ; . There have been tariff decreases runing from 50 to 100 % on of import electronics package ( US study on GATT 2 ) . The most of import sector to be included is agribusiness. For the first clip, all agricultural duties are bound and reduced. GATT strength ens long term regulations for agricultural trade, reduces agricultural export subsidies and opens new markets. Intellectual belongings such as patents, hallmarks and right of first publications for films, computing machine plans, books and music is besides protected. Many of the industries listed above trade with engineering and are important to mundane life. By advancing the decrease of duties in the sectors of the economic system of import to the United States, industries will be able to spread out and turn. The manner that industries will be able to turn is through the decrease of duties. While barriers to merchandise come in many signifiers, the duty has been used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. The negative facet of duties is that they cut down the sum of goods produced for export. Graph 1 exhibits the effects of a duty on measure supplied by United States. Let # 8217 ; s say the duty is on imported Gallic vino. At normal equilibrium, measure demanded of vino peers measure supplied at one hundred billion and a monetary value of $ 2. That is the United States would provide 1 billion bottles of vino. However, a duty creates a state of affairs similar to a monetary value ceiling. The duty causes the monetary value to diminish to $ 1 and the measure supplied lessenings to.5 billion while measure demanded additions to 1.5 billion. The consequence of the duty is to diminish the measure supplied by the United States. To manufacturers in the United States that means a lessening in the production of goods and services. The contrary happens when the duty is reduced. Quantity supplied will increase, that is more goods will be produced for trade. This addition in exports has other deductions on the economic system. Since exports will be increasing at a higher rate than imports the net exports will be positive. Aggregate outgo peers disbursement by consumers, investors, authorities and net exports. An addition in the net exports will increase the aggregative outgo switching it to the right. This is seen in graph 2, where the aggregative outgo curve ( AE ) shifts to the right ( AE # 8217 ; ) . As shown by the graph, the degree of national income additions from 250 billion to 300 billion. Therefore, increasing net exports will increase the degree of national income. # 8220 ; By extinguishing import revenue enhancements, universe income will increase every bit much as $ 5 trillion in the following 10 old ages. Higher universe incomes mean more demand for our trade goods # 8221 ; ( Kleckner 1 ) . With an addition in national income, the criterion of life in the United States and other take parting economic systems should increa se. More occupations will be created for the unemployed, assisting the economic system reach the full employment degree. At this degree, all resources would be in usage. Similar to other free trade understandings, the intent of those formed through the EFTA is to beef up European every bit good as international economic systems. In set uping a strong foundation for free trade, it seems that the EFTA has done much good for economic systems within Europe. Harmonizing to the EFTA web page, # 8220 ; Ministers emphasize EFTA # 8217 ; s strong certificates as a free trade organisation and underscore that free trade and economic integrating play an progressively of import function in procuring work, public assistance, peace, and democracy in Europe # 8221 ; ( EFTA Page ) . Its seeable effects on international trade provide merely a nominal indicant of the many achievements of the EFTA ; its work can besides be observed in footings of its implicit in affect on the economic system. In set uping strong international relationships, it has expanded the degree of exporting and importing, increased employment, raised ingestion, and in consequence, besides enhan ced the mean GDP for states active in the EFTA ( Fortune ) . Each portion of this integrating serves a good intent, and positive facets of the EFTA # 8217 ; s work are apparent in economic systems throughout Europe. As the EFTA has worked to beef up relationships non merely within its member states, but all over Europe and the remainder of the universe, it has established many confederations, therefore making a solid base for foreign trade. The degree of exporting and importing, peculiarly among European states has shown a definite addition. The enlargement of foreign trade creates possible for more employment chances ; it can besides be straight related to its aggregative supply, and in consequence, its degree of GDP. The addition in exporting, being a important outgo included in the computation of GDP, is shown in its consequence on GDP growing. Within the free trade of the EFTA, the degree of employment in member states besides has been affected. As the grade of economic activity additions due to free trade confederations, many countries, including that of employment besides begin to alter way. The enlargement of exporting mentioned before dramas a function in the variable degree of employment. Increased employment will add to the degree of human capital as lifting imports and exports expand capital resources, therefore lending to an outward displacement in the aggregative supply curve. Any addition in resource handiness for land, labour, capital, or entrepreneurship will let for an outward displacement in the production possibilities curve, followed by a similar displacement in the aggregative supply curve, finally increasing existent GDP. Rising employment can besides efficaciously make a rise in ingestion and in mean national income, finally adding to existent GDP. Consumption can be affected non merely by a rise in the employment degree, but besides by the decrease in duties provided by the EFTA. When consumers have to pay less for their goods, their degree of existent wealth has the consequence of increasing. Lower monetary values enable them to purchase more goods with the same degree of income ; there is the semblance of greater income. This feeling of increased wealth, along with a rise in the existent degree of employment, contributes to increased ingestion. The increasing grade of ingestion will, once more, lead to greater national income, and to a higher degree of existent GDP. A rise in trade combined with increasing degrees of employment and ingestion allows for possible growing in the degree of GDP. Harmonizing to Fortune magazine, the mean GDP of those states belonging to the EFTA rose an norm of 2.1 % each twelvemonth ( Fortune 7 ) . As trade, employment, and ingestion addition together, GDP has a inclination to make so every bit good. EFTA states nearing a degree of full employment due to alterations in trade, duties, and ingestion will finally see its good consequence on the economic system. Decision In general, it seems that each of the researched trade understandings has been successful in advancing overall economic growing throughout the parts of the universe. North american free trade agreement MERCOSUR The positive effects of GATT are legion and widespread. GATT has proved to be extremely successful in taking barriers to merchandise in goods. In eight back-to-back unit of ammunitions, GATT has lowered duties on manufactured merchandises from more than 40 % to below 4 % among developed states. # 8220 ; In portion as a consequence, universe ware trade, measured in the 10s of one million millions of dollars at the origin of GATT, now stands at $ 5 trillion # 8221 ; ( Break down the barriers ) . This growing has brought prosperity to developed states every bit good as developing states. Some of these benefits are consequence of the larger range of universe trade regulations and the big proportion of the economic system that is covered under GATT. The EFTA has been reasonably effectual in following through with its one implicit in end, the remotion of trade barriers within and outside of the EFTA. It has besides been adept in cultivating its relationships with 3rd universe states. Its success in these countries has allowed for the growing of its member states in countries of trade, employment, ingestion, and finally besides national income and existent GDP. It seems, nevertheless, that it needs to make more in order to hold a more influential presence. Since its initial initiation, the figure of member-countries in the EFTA has dwindled from seven to merely four. The EFTA is clearly non the most outstanding free trade organisation in Europe ; it is evident that the European Union holds the place of laterality, as many EFTA states have defected to the EU over the old ages. The EFTA # 8217 ; s minority power in Europe and the simple world of its size may do many states to brush it aside. While it has united with the European to Union to carry through many things such as the European Economic Area, it might be more effectual if it could manage more important affairs on its ain. Bibliography EFTA Page. EFTA Secretariat EFTA Surveillance Authority EFTA Court. 23 March 1999 *http: //www.efta.int/structure/main/index.html* . # 8220 ; How They Add Up. # 8221 ; Fortune 126.13 ( 14 Dec. 1992 ) : 152 # 8211 ; 153. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americasnet.com/mauritz/mercosur/english ; MERCOSUR Sabkar, Maysoon ; hypertext transfer protocol: //bmb.net/our_views/Reports/Country/paraguay_1.htm, 1998 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.embassy.org/uruguay/econ/mercosur/merc-002.htm ; Embassy of Uruguay, Washington D.C. 1996 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heinlein.com.ar/eco.htm ; Argentina Brief

Given the deterioration of a common sense of Ameri Essays

Given the deterioration of a common sense of Ameri Essays Given the deterioration of a common sense of American identity and the bitter polarization in politics, we need a nationally unifying figurehead who can transcend politics and represent all Americans. The solution I suggested is to separate the position of head of state from head of government, as is done in many democracies. The king can remain the chief executive, as provided for by the Founding Fathers, and fully indulge in his elbow-throwing political nature. A new position, which I labeled "First Citizen," would take on all non-constitutionally mandated activities, such as meeting other heads of state for social purposes, speaking at national tragedies and national celebrations, and the like. The First Citizen would have no executive authority of any kind. The real thrust of my article was to explore a different path, perhaps a counterintuitive one, to a more limited conception of the president, and in a symbolic way inculcate the spirit of smaller government. From one perspective, such a change seems minor and unnecessary. Even if the country did agree to the position of First Citizen, what would it matter? A new face presiding over a few ceremonies, welcoming a Super Bowl champion, pardoning some Thanksgiving turkeys, and the like. That's surely irrelevant to the issues of the day, and couldn't possibly be the solution to our governing challenges. Or could it?

Chipotle case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chipotle analysis - Case Study Example The company has also been able to maintain profit margins of about 36% as indicated by the chart below(Fundable, n.d). CMG’s business level strategy includes cost leadership and product differentiation. In line with a dynamic corporate management under the leadership of Steve Ells, all Chipotle restaurants are company owned rather than franchised. Chipotle accepts fax orders coupled with the use of e-commerce from their website, as well as, an iPhone app allowing users to locate nearby restaurants, place orders, and prepay with their gift or credit card. These strategies offer dynamism, convenience, and efficiency to the customers, large sales, and profits turnover (Fundable, n.d.). First, Chipotle’s â€Å"food with integrity† mantra has been consistent throughout the years giving new and old customers something to identify with. Second, supporting local farmers, as well as, protecting animals serve as the key public relation resources. Well-established supply chains reduce logistics even during pick hours while focus on fresh and naturally raised ingredients is a parallel to most of its competitors (Fundable, n.d.). Yes. If CMG stays on the disciplined growth lane as it is, it can still maintain a debt-free balance sheet. Moreover, keeping away from mergers or franchising might allow it to keep a tight grip on the investments, equity, as well as, returns to investment in line with its business strategies. The greatest challenge is competition. For example, from Panera Bread Company. Another is globalization. With the surge in globalization, restaurants are sprouting up, it might lose customers, and thus, revenues might decrease (Fundable, n.d.). It has to be innovative; market oriented, and maintain a people-first culture. This way, it will regain control of the micro and macro-economic factors. It also has to invest more on advertising, as well as, an all-inclusive architecture. For instance, CMG allows the customers to see the food being prepared.